Programming the functions of formal logic. II. Multi-valued logics.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Multi-Valued Logics
A great deal of recent theoretical work in inference has involved extending classical logic in some way. I argue that these extensions share two properties: firstly, the formal addition of truth values encoding intermediate levels of validity between true (i.e., valid) and false (i.e., invalid) and, secondly, the addition of truth values encoding intermediate levels of certainty between true or...
متن کاملMulti-valued Logics
2 General theory 3 2.1 Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Some logical calculi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.1 Sequent and tableau calculi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.2 Resolution calculi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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Suppose there are several experts, with some dominating others (expert A dominates expert B if B says something is true whenever A says it is). Suppose, further, that each of the experts has his or her own view of what is possible — in other words each of the experts has their own Kripke model in mind (subject, of course, to the dominance relation that may hold between experts). How will they a...
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Using Mal’cev’s preiterative algebra (iterative algebra is not sound) we construct in the first time the natural classification of closed sets of functions in multi-valued logic: every closed set belongs only one class and the classes are disjoint. All contemporary papers construct only intersecting classes. We confirm Post’s thesis that multi-valued logic does not contain anything special in c...
متن کاملInversion complexity of functions of multi-valued logic
The minimum number of NOT gates in a logic circuit computing a Boolean function is called the inversion complexity of the function. In 1957, A. A. Markov determined the inversion complexity of every Boolean function and proved that ⌈log 2 (d(f)+ 1)⌉ NOT gates are necessary and sufficient to compute any Boolean function f (where d(f) is the maximum number of value changes from greater to smaller...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic
سال: 1963
ISSN: 0029-4527
DOI: 10.1305/ndjfl/1093957656